Sandcrete blocks have been used for a long time throughout the country 1. Effect of sugarcane bagasse ash on the engineering. Comparison of locally excavated sand with river sand in terms of strength in sandcrete blocks with abstract, chapter 15, references. Researchers have established a trend of low compliance with standards concerning the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks produced commercially in most parts of nigeria, 2,3, 4 and indicated. Pdf characterization of the compressive strength of sandcrete. Two hundred and seventyone sandcrete block models from four mixed proportions, namely 1. Sandcrete blocks are mostly produced in nigeria by the small scale manufacturers who as business people have profit as their main motive and therefore often use substandard materials and improper procedures in the production of the blocks. Comparison of locally excavated sand with river sand in.
Physicomechanical behaviour of sandcrete block masonry. Sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria building industry. The importance of the blocks as part of the local building materials cannot be over emphasized in building and construction industry. Impact of vibration time on compressive strength of. Emmanuel bamfoagyei department of building technology, cape coast polytechnic, cape coast, ghana sandcrete block is one of the common materials. Sandcrete blocks are largely used for load bearing and nonload bearing walls and foundations. Thirty two 32 samples were moulded from the two brands of cement i. Effect of sugarcane bagasse ash on the engineering properties of blended sandcrete blocks written by fredrick onyacha arasa, richard onchiri, zachary c. Part 2 and shall have a minimum compressive strength of 5 nmm2 unless otherwise stated. Compressive strength of manual and machine compacted. Sandcrete blocks comprise of natural sand, water and binder. Historical data of past collapsed buildings in nigeria were also discussed.
Sandcrete is a yellowwhite building material made from a binder typically portland cement, sand in a ratio of circa 1. The results showed that the 28day compressive strengths of sandcrete blocks produced in calabar block industry range between 0. They further affirmed that producers of sandcrete blocks produce blocks with low ordinary portland cement opc content so. The sole objective of this paper is to show how steel chips a waste industrial product from mechanical workshops and factories can be used to improve the compressive strength of sandcrete hollow blocks and cubes and obtain. Full length research paper a study of the preference level. Oyetola and abdulahi 2006 added that cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in the production of sandcrete blocks. Optimum compressive strength of hardened sandcrete. Sometimes other ingredients may be added to reduce the amount of expensive portland cement such as pozzolanas and rice husk ash. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the various waste in sandcrete blocks production process. This has necessitated producers of sandcrete blocks to produce blocks with low opc content that will be affordable to people and with much gain. This paper highlights the huge opportunities in the smallscale sandcrete block making industry in nigeria. This results in the output of poor quality blocks with poor strength properties. Research activities in different countries have shown that the compressive strengths of sandcrete blocks are always far below the recommended values in the codes.
Physicomechanical behaviour of sandcrete block masonry units. Specifications for moulding sandcrete blocks stipulate that the block is generally to be made in accordance with bs 2028. Strength properties of commercially produces sandcrete. Pdf establishing the compressive strength of sandcrete. Intelligent choice of building materials capable of reducing energy used in buildings is imperative towards achieving materials efficiency and cost. A mathematical model for prediction of the strength of sancrete cement block application of henry scheffes and osadebes concrete optimisation theory abstract. There was decrease in the density as the curing age increases, and the values for mix ratio 1. Abstract 100mm and 125mm solid blocks are extensively used for building construction at idiroko area of ogun state in nigeria and environ with no record of known available data. Sandcrete blocks are prismatic units manufactured from lean sandcement mortar mixes and are the predominant walling materials used in buildings in nigeria and other countries. Determination of safe weight limit of sandcrete block for block moulders. Enhancing the strength of sandcrete blocks using coarse.
Concrete blocks are produced in a large variety of shapes and sizes. Journal of engineering, project, and production management. Comparative study of cement stabilized clay brick and sandcrete block as a building component ogunbiyi, moses a. America where most sandcrete blocks exhibit compressive strengths far below standard. The effects of production methods on the compressive. This paper is laboratory testfocused, and reports the results of investigation of the strength and density of sandcrete blocks based on a 1. Study of compressive strength characteristics of hollow. Pdf sandcrete blocks comprise of natural sand, water and binder. This paper investigates the strength characteristics of sandcrete blocks in yola 8 0 3647 n 12 0 1914 e metropolis. The aggregates used for moulding the blocks were also collected and their particle sizes analysed. Their compressive strengths determined to check for conformity with standard sandcrete block as specified in the nigerian national building code 2006 with a view to determine the.
The poverty level amongst west african countries and particularly nigerian has made these blocks. Researchers worldwide have investigated how such activities can be reduced or overcome in the industry. Soil cement and landcrete are similar materials but. This research investigated and compared the strength of manual with machine compacted sandcrete hollow blocks using dangote and elephant ordinary portland cement brands in nigeria. However, much has not been done regarding waste in the production process of building blocks.
The data of this article examined compliance level to minimum standard requirements among sandcrete block manufacturers in south western nigeria. Minimizing heat transmission loads and improving energy. This problem has been attributed to poor quality control and substandard constituent materials. Sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria. Assessment of sandcrete blocks manufacturers compliance to. Proper curing and suitable selection of constituent materials was suggested to improve on the quality of sandcrete blocks. The load carrying capacity of hollow sandcrete blocks. Every necessary procedures and cautions for good masonry wall units were ensured with 25 strokes of blow for sound compaction. Hollow sandcrete blocks containing a in many parts of nigeria, sandcrete block is the major cost after removal from the machine moulds, the blocks are. Cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in to the production of sandcrete blocks. It is widely used in nigeria, ghana and other african countries as load bearing and nonload bearing walling units. Sandcrete blocks and bricks are masonry units manufactured from a mixture of cement, sand and water, and it plays a crucial role in the building construction. Intensive use of sandcrete hollow blocks in building production has made it essential building materials in.
Experimental datasets on compliance level to minimum. The load carrying capacity of hollow sandcrete blocks j. The effectiveness and obstructs of sandcrete and concrete block in a foundation system abstract it is a clear fact that bricks play a vital role in a foundation system of a building. Sandcrete blocks, compressive strength, mix ratio 1. On this post, im going to explain the concept of cement block manufacture and i hope youre going to learn a lot from it. There is evidence to suggest a wide variation in compressive strength from one block manufacturer to another and also within block samples from a single source. This makes sandcrete block a very important material in building construction. Abierogariy published on 20171228 download full article with reference data and citations. U nwoji department of civil engineering, university of nigeria, nsukka corresponding author.
Effects of partial replacement of sand with lateritic soil. This modcl possesses the advantages of economy, and case of reformulation, as well as an inherent cognisance of the effect of the variation in the source of ingredients ol sandcrete blocks on thc str. It explains the ingredients whose understanding is necessary for engaging in the profitable and sustainable smallscale sandcrete block making. The impact of vibration time on the compressive strength of hardened sandcrete building blocks has also been assessed. Download this pdf file canadian center of science and education. Sandcrete blocks are composite material made up of cement, sand and water, mould into different sizes barry 1969. Nonvalue adding activities or waste have been a major challenge for the construction industry. Compressive strength of sandcrete blocks in bosso and. Costs of alternative methods of acquiring sandcrete blocks. This work reports the compressive strengths and the statistical characteristics of sandcrete blocks collected from twenty five 25 different block industries in ondo state, nigeria. Pdf establishing the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks. A conceptual framework for waste identification and. The quality of blocks produced however, differs from each industry due to the different methods employed in the production and the properties.
Sandcrete is usually used as hollow rectangular blocks similar to concrete masonry units, often 45cm 18 wide, 15cm 5. Hence, as a result of the high cost of procuring the rice husk required for producing large number of blocks needed for an averagesize building, and in the light of the reducing agricultural activities in nigeria, replacing cement with such high volume of rha could be economically counterproductive for local sandcrete block manufacturers. A study on the engineering properties of sandcrete blocks. Determination of safe weight limit of sandcrete block for.
The essential ingredients of concrete are cement, aggregate sand, gravel and water. A study on the durability of solid sandcrete blocks samuel sunday omopariola department of works and services, the federal polytechnic, ilaro, nigeria. Introduction in nigeria, sandcrete blocks have an appeal to the construction industry due. Calcium silicate blocks shall comply with bs en 771. The majority of the sandcrete blocks used in the nigerian building industry fall short of the minimum specification standards. Comparative study of cement stabilized clay brick and.
Sandcrete blocks, compressive strength, aggregates, sieve analysis, grading, curing, materials. The strength at ages 7, 14, and 21 days were 43%, 75%, and 92% of the 28day strength respectively. Finally, metallic flat base was used to further compact the mold mixture up to 4 times. Concrete blocks technical data short description concrete block construction has gained importance and has become a valid alternative to fired clay bricks. Sandcrete blocks are widely used as walling units in nigeria. Sandcrete blocks, brick molding, block molding, construction entrepreneurs. Establishing the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks produced in the central region, ghana. Theoretical framework quality is defined as fitness for purpose or compliance with specification anosike, 2011, taylor, 2002 the totality of features required by a product or service to. The blocks are usually moulded with coarse sand and cement mixed in the proportions of 4. Characterization of the compressive strength of sandcrete.
This current article explores the possibility of adding aggregate 10 mm size to sandcrete mixes in order to enhance the strength of the sandcrete blocks. Sandcrete manufacture could be for solid blocks, hollow blocks. Special shaped blocks, required to form proper bonding, which cannot be made in a standard blockmaking machine may be made in approved wooden moulds. Pdf effects of curing on the compressive strengths of. It is widely used all over the world, including ghana, and so on. Download full paper rjeas emerging academy resources. Findings from the socalled readymade hollow sandcrete blocks sold by some. The sole objective of this paper is to show how steel chips a waste industrial product from mechanical workshops and factories can be used to improve the compressive strength of sandcrete hollow blocks.